Analysis on the causes and preventive measures of

Analysis on the causes and preventive measures of four common accidents of hoisting machinery

common accidents of hoisting machinery in construction mainly fall into the following four categories:

1 Crush collision:

refers to the crush collision of lifting machinery in operation. Casualty accidents, which are very common in the operation of hoisting machinery, are very dangerous and have serious consequences, and often lead to death

there are mainly the following situations in which people are squeezed and collided during the operation of lifting machinery: (a) the lifting object swings and squeezes and collides people during the operation of lifting machinery. The main reasons are as follows: first, due to the improper operation of the driver, the speed of the mechanism changes too fast during operation, resulting in large inertia of the lifted object. Second, due to the wrong command and unreasonable lifting route, the lifted object squeezed and collided with people in the violent swing. (b) The hanging objects are placed unstable, and they fall and hit people. The reasons are: first, due to the improper placement of lifting objects, the necessary safety protection measures were not taken to prevent instability of major lifting objects. Second, due to poor management of lifting operation site. (c) Being squeezed and collided in the operation of commanding or repairing the mobile crane, that is, being squeezed and collided by the running crane as a person between the operating mechanism and the slewing mechanism of the crane. The reasons are as follows: first, the commanding personnel are improperly positioned; Second, the necessary safety protection measures were not taken in the maintenance operation. (d) Being squeezed and collided during patrol inspection or maintenance of bridge crane, that is, the operator is squeezed and collided by the running lifting machinery between the lifting machinery and the building. The main reasons are as follows: first, there is a lack of interaction between inspectors or maintenance personnel and drivers; Second, the necessary safety protection measures were not taken in the maintenance operation

2. Electric shock

electric shock refers to the electric shock caused by the operator touching the live body during the operation of lifting machinery. Most crane operations are in a somewhat working environment, and electric shock casualties are also common casualties in crane operations

there are mainly the following situations: (a) when the driver touches the sliding contact line, when the cab of the lifting machinery is set on the same side of the sliding contact line, the driver pays attention to touching the sliding line up and down and gets an electric shock. Main reasons: first, the location of the cab is unreasonable; Second, the driver was electrocuted because the crane was not equipped with a protective plate near the end of the sliding line. (b) The main reasons for touching high-voltage transmission lines are as follows: first, the hoisting machinery did not take necessary safety protection measures when working under high-voltage lines; Second, due to improper command and wrong operation, the crane was electrified, causing the operator to get an electric shock. (c) The main reasons for electric leakage of electrical facilities are as follows: first, electric leakage occurs due to the untimely electrical facilities of lifting machinery; Second, the driver was electrocuted due to electric leakage due to the absence of safety protection insulation pads in the cab. (d) The main reasons why the lifting rope touches the contact line are as follows: first, due to improper lifting methods, the oblique lifting violates the safety regulations; The second is that the lifting machinery is electrified because there is no sliding contact line near the end of the contact line, resulting in electric shock of operators

3。 Falling injury

falling injury includes the falling of lifting machinery operators from lifting machinery and the falling of lifting objects. Falling injuries mainly occur in the installation and maintenance of lifting machinery. Including the following situations: (a) the main reasons for the fall of the maintenance cage: first, the design structure of the maintenance cage is unreasonable (such as insufficient height, material selection does not meet the requirements, etc.); Second, due to improper operation of maintenance personnel; Third, the maintenance cage fell together with the maintenance workers because the maintenance workers did not take necessary safety protection measures. (b) The main reasons for falling when crossing the crane are as follows: first, the maintenance personnel did not take necessary safety measures; Second, due to the carelessness of the operators and illegal operation, the software functions of the hair spring testing machine are diverse and fall from height. (c) During the installation or disassembly of the lifting tower crane, the tower and the operator fall. Main reasons: first, the design structure of the tower body is unreasonable; Second, due to the improper disassembly method, the operator and the commander cooperated incorrectly, causing the tower body to fall together with the operator

falling of lifting objects means that lifting objects or lifting appliances fall from a height and hit operators and other personnel. This is a common casualty accident in the operation of hoisting machinery, which is extremely dangerous and has very serious consequences, often leading to casualties. (a) Improper binding and scraping method. First, there is no balance beam because the included angle between steel ropes is too large; Second, the lifting objects with edges and corners were not equipped with protective plates. (b) Sling defects. First, the hoisting has the characteristics of high corrosion resistance, light weight and so on. The steel wire rope of the mechanism is broken, resulting in the falling of the lifted object; Second, the hook is defective. (c) Overload. First, the operator is not clear about the weight of the lifted object, and recklessly lifts it blindly; The second is that the lifting sling is broken due to the overload of the oblique lifting. (d) Over winch. The main reason is that the lifting limit position limiter is not installed or the limiter fails, and the lifting wire rope cannot be cut off in time until it is broken

4. Body overturning

refers to the overturning of the whole crane during operation. It usually occurs in mobile cranes and tower cranes engaged in open-air operations. There are three main situations: (a) being blown down by strong winds. Due to the failure of the rail clamping device of the crane for missing filling operation and the absence of windproof anchoring device for the crane for open-air operation. (b) Crawler crane overturns. The machine body overturned due to non-compliance with the requirements at the lifting operation site, improper operation methods, command errors and other reasons. (c) Truck and tire cranes overturn. Because the lifting operation site does not meet the requirements, the erection of outriggers does not meet the requirements, and the operation does not allow sufficient personnel of Longmei to engage in agriculture and forestry, overload and other reasons

countermeasures

establish and improve the post system of safety management of hoisting machinery and the management system of safety technical archives of hoisting machinery; Strengthen training and education, and carry out safety technology training and assessment for lifting machinery operators, so as to work with certificates; Implement system safety management; Strengthen safety supervision